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Many Alaska communities rely on heating oil for heat and diesel fuel for electricity. For remote communities, fuel must be barged or flown in, leading to high costs. While renewable energy resources may be available, the variability of wind and solar energy limits the amount that can be used coincidentally without adequate storage. This study developed a decision-making method to evaluate beneficial matches between excess renewable generation and non-electric dispatchable loads, specifically heat loads such as space heating, water heating and treatment, and clothes drying in three partner communities. Hybrid Optimization Model for Multiple Electric Renewables (HOMER) Pro was used to model potential excess renewable generation based on current generation infrastructure, renewable resource data, and community load. The method then used these excess generation profiles to quantify how closely they align with modeled or actual heat loads, which have inherent thermal storage capacity. Of 236 possible combinations of solar and wind capacity investigated in the three communities, the best matches were seen between excess electricity from high-penetration wind generation and heat loads for clothes drying and space heating. The worst matches from this study were from low penetrations of solar (25% of peak load) with all heat loads. 

Food, energy, and water (FEW) are essential for human health and economic development. FEW systems are inextricably interlinked, yet individualized and variable. Consequently, an accurate assessment must include all available and proposed FEW components and their interconnections and consider scale, location, and scope. Remote Alaska locations are examples of isolated communities with limited infrastructure, accessibility, and extreme climate conditions. The resulting challenges for FEW reliability and sustainability create opportunities to obtain practical insights that may apply to other remote communities facing similar challenges. By creating energy distribution models (EDMs), a methodology is proposed, and a tool is developed to measure the impacts of renewable energy (RE) on small FEW systems connected to the microgrids of several Alaska communities. Observing the community FEW systems through an energy lens, three indices are used to measure FEW security: Energy–Water (EW), Energy–Food (EF), and Sustainable Energy (SE). The results indicate the impacts of RE on FEW infrastructure systems are highly seasonal, primarily because of the natural intermittence and seasonality of renewable resources. Overall, there is a large potential for RE integration to increase FEW security as well as a need for additional analysis and methods to further improve the resiliency of FEW systems in remote communities.